Introduction to the optical fiber transmission, wireless transmission

optical fiber transmission and wireless transmission are two ways of communication transmission. Basic way of communication: basic way of communication: source - The sender - Transmission systems - Acceptance of organ - He knows. Communication quality depends on the characteristics of signal and the nature of the transmission media, the key is whether good matching signal spectrum characteristics and channel transmission characteristics.

transmission media from the narrow sense, refers to the transmission system between transmitter and acceptance, it was aimed at signal; Broadly speaking, refers to the source and obtaining-information between systems, it is for the information. Our transmission media can be divided into pilot and the pilot two kinds, the difference between the two, respectively is subject to the media itself features and subject to the signal itself. With the guidance as we often say wired communications and wireless communications.

cable communication is divided into twisted pair, coaxial cables, overhead lines and optical fiber transmission four classes. Optical fiber is a kind of light can transmit signals of very fine, 50μm ~ 100μm) Medium and soft. The cross section of the fiber is circular, from outside to inside is composed of three local: housing, cladding, fiber core. The optical properties of different: often composed of sio2 is glass fiber core, for the light path; 。 Cladding composed of multilayer reflection glass fiber, the purpose is to reflect the light the fiber core. Modulus from the transfer point, single-mode and multimode optical fiber can be divided into two kinds of transmission mode, single mode provides a single light path; Multimode optical fiber, namely the divergence for multiplexed light waves, each light all the way walk a pathway. Single-mode fiber has a greater capacity due to attenuation of small, but its consumption is more expensive than multimode fiber. Optical fiber at any time can only one-way transmission, therefore, to implement two-way communication, it must be present in pairs, one for the input, one for output, optical fiber ends on optical interface.

the four characteristics of optical fiber transmission: 1, large bandwidth, large capacity. 2, low dissipation, relay long interval. 3, good anti-interference. 4, small volume, light quality. Optical fiber transmission fundamental engineering ShiYongHua completed, not only meet the telephone, data, text, images, and other comprehensive business information transmission requirements, but also conforms to the development of information society in the future. Compared to other cable transmission mode optical fiber transmission medium is now the most good performance, after frequency division, and in WDM, it will be more and more application in our daily life. Optical fiber transmission loss will not change with frequency and temperature changes, so the stability of the optical fiber devices don't demand strict; And one of following the interval long performance, it can make its application of undersea optical cable communication and defense, long distance communication for the handle undersea communication has important significance. Optical fiber is insulation material, can only light and cannot conduct electricity, so the optical fiber is not subject to electromagnetic interference, therefore, it can avoid electromagnetic radiation and hacking, and can avoid the influence of external disturbance signal, the progress of modern communication safe sex and compromised has an extremely important role. Because fiber can stop reuse, capacity big, only minimal requirements of superfine fiber can transfer a large number of signals, and reduces the transportation and structures, such as capital.

includes radio communications, wireless transmission infrared communication and microwave communication. Because they are spread along a straight line, all requirements in terms of sending and bear has a vision pathways, so also called them vision media. Radio waves can omni-directional, frequency is small; Minimum infrared frequency, often can be used to detect the things related to the temperature; Microwave frequency between the two, it has directional property, the main application is that it can pass through the ionosphere and into the characteristics of space. Now the most widely microwave, is divided into two major varieties, namely air microwave relay communication and satellite communications. Because of microwave on the spread of the straight line in space, and earth surface is curved, so its transmission interval was restricted in the air. In order to increase the transmission interval, will increase the height of the tower, tower is higher, the farther the transmission interval. Air microwave communication has the following main features: high frequency, bandwidth, transmission interval, strong anti-interference ability, high reliable sex. But is because of the high frequency characteristics, so there can be no obstacle between adjacent sites, and vulnerable to the influence of the weather and form distortion. The principle of microwave communications satellite communications and air are similar, the essence is application located 36000 km altitude artificial synchronous earth satellite as a relay is a kind of microwave relay communication. Using three correct configuration of satellite, can cover up the global all central except two level tone. Satellite communications, the biggest advantage is the communication for the face mask, the electromagnetic radiation to the earth synchronous satellite launch a third of the area, thus facilitate the completion of multiple access and move communication, also easy to form a network. Therefore, its widespread application in the transmission multiplex long interval telephone, telegraph, television and other business, we are in different places, can also see other regional live. However, it also has its defects, which is the time delay is too big. No matter how far is the interval of two stations on the air, from the emitter through satellite to accept 270 us delay, it related to other wireless communication is much longer, and is also because of such, but compromised in satellite communication is poor.

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