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1. Handling after a fault occurs. Different types of line faults have different processing priorities.(1) There is a backup routing optical cable that can pass through all-blocking faultsThe personnel on duty in the computer room should jump-connect the business as soon as possible according to the emergency plan, use other good fiber cores to block the business on the optical fiber, and then repair the faulty optical fiber as soon as possible.(2) Total resistance failure with no optical fiber to pass throughAccording to the emergency plan, rush-to-pass or direct repair of obstacle points should be carried out. When rushing to pass or repairing, the principle of "important lines first, then secondary lines" should be followed.(3) The optical cable is not completely blocked and there are remaining optical fibers available.Use the spare fiber core or other optical cables on the same route to pass the services on the faulty fiber core. If there are many faulty fiber cores, not enough spare fiber cores, and there are no other backup routing optical cables, secondary lines can be sacrificed to pass through important lines, and then the faulty fiber cores can be repaired without interrupting the line.(4) The optical cable is not completely blocked, there is no remaining optical fiber or the same route optical cableIf the blocked optical fiber is an important line, other non-important line optical fibers should be used to pass the blocked optical fiber, and the faulty fiber core should be repaired urgently by non-interruptive cutover method.(5) The transmission quality is unstable and the system is good and bad sometimes.If there are spare cores or other routed optical cables that can be passed through, the services on this optical fiber can be transferred to other optical fibers. Find out the reasons for the degradation of transmission quality and deal with them in a targeted manner.2. Fault locationIf it is determined that the fault is an optical cable line, the computer room should quickly use an OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer) to determine the outgoing distance of the fault and the specific circumstances of the fiber fault. Based on the judgment results, the relevant line maintenance unit will be notified immediately to determine the fault point.3. Emergency repair preparationsAfter receiving the fault notification, the line maintenance unit should quickly load the repair tools, instruments and equipment into the vehicle and set off, and at the same time notify the relevant maintenance line operators to go to nearby areas to find the cause and fault point.4. Establish a communication systemAfter emergency repair personnel arrive at the fault point, they should immediately establish a communication system with the transmission equipment room.5. Organization and command of emergency repairsThe emergency repair of optical cable line faults is led by the department, which pays close attention to the emergency repair situation on site during the emergency repair period and coordinates the work. The leader of the optical cable line maintenance department is responsible for directing the emergency repair site. While testing the fault point, a designated person (usually an optical cable maintainer) should be designated at the repair site to organize the excavation personnel on standby and arrange logistical services.6. Emergency repair of optical cable linesWhen the fault point is found, emergency optical cables or other emergency measures should generally be used to first clear the main optical fiber channel and quickly restore communications. Main solutions:(1) The optical cable is completely brokenIf there are reservations on both sides of the site, use centralized reservation and add a joint. If there are joints near the fault point and there is sufficient reservation on site, pull the reservation and use the original joint. There is no reservation near the fault point. If there is no connector left, it should be solved by extending the cable.(2) Some bundle tubes in the optical cable are interrupted or some optical fibers in a single bundle tube are interruptedUnder specific conditions and on the premise that the repair will not affect other optical fibers in use, it is recommended to use the open-sky "window connection" method to repair the faulty optical fiber.7. Business recovery.During the on-site optical cable repair process, after the optical fiber is connected, the computer room should be notified in time for testing and maintenance personnel should be arranged to conduct on-site business confirmation until the business is fully restored.8. On-site treatment after emergency repair.After the emergency repair work is completed, inventory tools and equipment, organize test data, fill in relevant registrations, process the site, and leave a certain number of personnel behind to protect the emergency site.9. Line information updated.After the repair work is completed, organize the test data, fill in the relevant forms, update the line information in a timely manner, summarize the emergency repair situation, and report to the superior authority.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

The interruption of optical cable lines due to external factors or the optical fiber itself, which affects communication services, is called optical cable line failure. Optical cable line failures cause business interruption for a long time and affect a wide range of business areas. They are a key link in safe broadcasting work. In order for the optical cable communication system to work normally, in addition to careful design, careful construction, and normal maintenance, once an optical cable failure occurs, it must be dealt with in a timely manner to ensure that the line is smooth and the failure time is shortened as much as possible. This is an important part of improving communication quality.1. Classification of cable line faultsAccording to the fiber blocking situation of the faulty optical cable, the fault types can be divided into three types: complete fiber optic cable breakage, partial bundle tube breakage, and partial fiber breakage in a single bundle tube.2. Analysis of the cause of the failure of the optical cable lineThe causes of optical cable line failures can be roughly divided into four categories: external factors, natural disasters, optical cable defects and human factors.1. Line failure caused by external force factors(1) External force excavation: Mechanical excavation is one of the main causes of optical cable damage. To deal with faults caused by mechanical excavation, the pipe optical cable should be opened in the tube well near the fault point to check whether the optical cable is damaged in the manual well, and the optical cable should be interrupted by a two-way test to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. For this type of fault, there are obvious excavation marks on the road, and the fault point is eliminated in a targeted manner.(2) Vehicle hang-up: When dealing with vehicle hang-up faults, you should first conduct a bidirectional test on the optical cable at the fault point to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. The cable is visibly dragged or dropped.(3) Gunshot: This type of fault generally does not interrupt all optical fibers, but damages some optical cable parts or optical fibers. However, this type of fault is highly concealed, and it is difficult to find it. It is eliminated segment by segment based on the distance of the fault point.2. Line failures caused by natural disastersOptical cable failures are caused by natural disasters such as fire, flood, strong wind, ice, lightning, etc.3. Line failure caused by the optical fiber itselfThe affected area is small. According to the interruption of the access point of the service end, it occurs at the location of the joint box, and the fault point can be quickly judged.(1) Natural fiber cutSince optical fibers are drawn from glass and plastic fibers and are relatively fragile, static fatigue will occur over time, and the optical fibers will gradually age and cause natural fiber breakage. Or the splice box is flooded, resulting in increased fiber loss or even fiber breakage.(2) Influence of ambient temperatureIf the temperature is too low, the water in the splice box will freeze, the sheath of the optical cable will shrink longitudinally, and the pressure on the optical fiber will cause micro-bending, which will increase the attenuation or interrupt the optical fiber. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to damage the cable sheath and other protective materials and affect the characteristics of the optical fiber. The affected area is small, and the fault point can be quickly judged according to the access point of the interrupted service end.4. Line failures caused by human factors(1) Engineering failure: man-made failure caused by engineering personnel in maintenance, laying and other activities. For example:① When the optical fiber is connected, the optical fiber is scratched, the bending radius of the optical fiber is too small, and the running optical fiber is interrupted by misoperation;② Mistakenly cut off the running optical cable when cutting the optical cable;③ The fiber is broken due to poor connection when the optical fiber is connected, or the looseness of the reinforcing core when the splice box is packaged.④During the laying of optical cables, dragging other optical cables in operation in the pipe well, resulting in optical fiber failures caused by too small bending radius of the optical cable and damage to the outer sheath.(2) Stealing: criminals steal and cut the optical cable, causing the optical cable to be blocked. Generally, there are buildings, trees, poles and towers on the route, which are convenient for people to climb and can directly operate the route.(3) Misoperation: In some public tube wells, other operators interrupted the operation of optical cables during engineering construction.(4) Destruction: Man-made sabotage, causing the cable to be blocked.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. The concept and relationship between optical cable and optical fiber:1. Optical fiber: shorthand for optical fiber. It is drawn from pure quartz with a special process into a glass tube thinner than a hair with several media in the middle. It is a kind of fiber made of glass or plastic based on the principle of total reflection of light. Achieved light transmission tool. Its brittle texture necessitates an extra layer of protection.2. Optical cable: It is mainly composed of optical fiber (glass filament as thin as hair), plastic protective sleeve and plastic sheath. There is no metal such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum in the optical cable, and generally has no recycling value. An optical cable is a cable core composed of a certain number of optical fibers in a certain way, covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath. The protective structure of the outer layer can prevent the surrounding environment from harming the optical fiber. It is a communication line used to realize optical signal transmission. That is: the optical cable is a cable formed by an optical fiber (optical transmission carrier) through a certain process.3. The relationship between the two:Broadly speaking, optical fiber is an optical cable, which is a transmission medium. But strictly speaking, the two are not the same product. A fiber optic cable contains optical fibers and is part of a fiber optic cable. Optical fiber is the glass fiber in the optical cable, but the abbreviation of the two is often not strictly distinguished in engineering applications.Second, the difference between optical cable and optical fiber:1. The difference between composition structure and use:(1) In layman's terms, each individual core is called an optical fiber, and the combination of multi-core optical fibers into a cable is called an optical cable.(2) The optical cable is mainly composed of optical fiber (glass filament as thin as hair), plastic protective sleeve and plastic sheath. An optical cable is a communication line in which a certain number of optical fibers form a cable core in a certain way, and is covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath to realize optical signal transmission.That is: a cable formed by an optical fiber (optical transmission carrier) through a certain process.(3) The basic structure of an optical cable is generally composed of several parts such as a cable core, a reinforced steel wire, a filler and a sheath, and other components such as a waterproof layer, a buffer layer, and an insulated metal wire as required.2. The difference in propagation efficiency between optical cable and optical fiber:For optical fiber, scientists have created ultra-high-purity quartz glass by creating "internal attachment method", "MCVD method" and "VAD method".Optical cable, communication optical cable is a communication line in which a certain number of optical fibers form a cable core in a certain way, and is covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath to realize optical signal transmission.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. Distance judgmentWhen the computer room determines that the fault is an optical cable line fault, the line maintenance department should test the faulty optical cable line in the computer room as soon as possible, and use the OTDR test to determine the location of the line fault point.2. Possible cause estimationAccording to the curves displayed by the OTDR test, the cause of the fault is preliminarily judged, and the fault is handled in a targeted manner.According to the fault analysis, there are many problems in the splice box for optical cable faults caused by non-external forces, and the reasons for fiber breakage or increased attenuation in the splice box are divided into the following situations:(1) The optical fiber in the fiber tray is loose, causing the optical fiber to bounce up and be squeezed at the edge of the fiber tray or the screw on the tray. In severe cases, the optical fiber will be crushed or broken.(2) The local bending radius of the remaining fibers in the splice box is too small or the fibers are seriously twisted when they are stored in the reel, resulting in large bending loss and static fatigue. The test at 1310nm wavelength does not change significantly, but the test at 1550nm wavelength has significant splice loss increase.(3) When making the end face of the optical fiber, the bare optical fiber is too long or the optical fiber protection position is improper when the heat-shrinkable protective tube is heated, causing a part of the bare optical fiber to be outside the protective tube, and the bare optical fiber is broken when the splice box is subjected to external force.(4) The bare optical fiber is injured when the coating is stripped, and the damage will expand after a long time, and the loss of the joint will increase, and in severe cases, it will cause fiber breakage.(5) Due to the loose fixation of the optical cable, the displacement of the optical cable due to stress or external force will cause the remaining fiber of the optical cable to twist or bend and cause the attenuation of the optical fiber.(6) Water enters the splice box, and freezing in winter leads to increased fiber loss and even fiber breakage.3. Find the specific location of the fault point of the optical cable lineWhen the optical cable line is blocked by obvious external forces such as natural disasters or external construction, the inspection and repair personnel will carefully inspect along the optical cable line route according to the fault phenomenon and approximate fault location provided by the tester, and it is generally easier to find the fault location. If it is not the above situation, it is not easy for inspectors to find the fault location from the abnormal phenomenon on the route. At this time, it is necessary to check the distance from the fault point to the test end measured by OTDR with the original test data to find out which two markers (or which two joints) the fault point is between, and after necessary conversion, Find the specific location of the fault point. If conditions permit, a two-way test can be carried out, which is more conducive to accurately judging the specific location of the fault point.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!