Fiber Hope Quality what is fiber optic cable distributor switches

The interruption of optical cable lines due to external factors or the optical fiber itself, which affects communication services, is called optical cable line failure. Optical cable line failures cause business interruption for a long time and affect a wide range of business areas. They are a key link in safe broadcasting work. In order for the optical cable communication system to work normally, in addition to careful design, careful construction, and normal maintenance, once an optical cable failure occurs, it must be dealt with in a timely manner to ensure that the line is smooth and the failure time is shortened as much as possible. This is an important part of improving communication quality.1. Classification of cable line faultsAccording to the fiber blocking situation of the faulty optical cable, the fault types can be divided into three types: complete fiber optic cable breakage, partial bundle tube breakage, and partial fiber breakage in a single bundle tube.2. Analysis of the cause of the failure of the optical cable lineThe causes of optical cable line failures can be roughly divided into four categories: external factors, natural disasters, optical cable defects and human factors.1. Line failure caused by external force factors(1) External force excavation: Mechanical excavation is one of the main causes of optical cable damage. To deal with faults caused by mechanical excavation, the pipe optical cable should be opened in the tube well near the fault point to check whether the optical cable is damaged in the manual well, and the optical cable should be interrupted by a two-way test to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. For this type of fault, there are obvious excavation marks on the road, and the fault point is eliminated in a targeted manner.(2) Vehicle hang-up: When dealing with vehicle hang-up faults, you should first conduct a bidirectional test on the optical cable at the fault point to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. The cable is visibly dragged or dropped.(3) Gunshot: This type of fault generally does not interrupt all optical fibers, but damages some optical cable parts or optical fibers. However, this type of fault is highly concealed, and it is difficult to find it. It is eliminated segment by segment based on the distance of the fault point.2. Line failures caused by natural disastersOptical cable failures are caused by natural disasters such as fire, flood, strong wind, ice, lightning, etc.3. Line failure caused by the optical fiber itselfThe affected area is small. According to the interruption of the access point of the service end, it occurs at the location of the joint box, and the fault point can be quickly judged.(1) Natural fiber cutSince optical fibers are drawn from glass and plastic fibers and are relatively fragile, static fatigue will occur over time, and the optical fibers will gradually age and cause natural fiber breakage. Or the splice box is flooded, resulting in increased fiber loss or even fiber breakage.(2) Influence of ambient temperatureIf the temperature is too low, the water in the splice box will freeze, the sheath of the optical cable will shrink longitudinally, and the pressure on the optical fiber will cause micro-bending, which will increase the attenuation or interrupt the optical fiber. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to damage the cable sheath and other protective materials and affect the characteristics of the optical fiber. The affected area is small, and the fault point can be quickly judged according to the access point of the interrupted service end.4. Line failures caused by human factors(1) Engineering failure: man-made failure caused by engineering personnel in maintenance, laying and other activities. For example:① When the optical fiber is connected, the optical fiber is scratched, the bending radius of the optical fiber is too small, and the running optical fiber is interrupted by misoperation;② Mistakenly cut off the running optical cable when cutting the optical cable;③ The fiber is broken due to poor connection when the optical fiber is connected, or the looseness of the reinforcing core when the splice box is packaged.④During the laying of optical cables, dragging other optical cables in operation in the pipe well, resulting in optical fiber failures caused by too small bending radius of the optical cable and damage to the outer sheath.(2) Stealing: criminals steal and cut the optical cable, causing the optical cable to be blocked. Generally, there are buildings, trees, poles and towers on the route, which are convenient for people to climb and can directly operate the route.(3) Misoperation: In some public tube wells, other operators interrupted the operation of optical cables during engineering construction.(4) Destruction: Man-made sabotage, causing the cable to be blocked.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. The concept and relationship between optical cable and optical fiber:1. Optical fiber: shorthand for optical fiber. It is drawn from pure quartz with a special process into a glass tube thinner than a hair with several media in the middle. It is a kind of fiber made of glass or plastic based on the principle of total reflection of light. Achieved light transmission tool. Its brittle texture necessitates an extra layer of protection.2. Optical cable: It is mainly composed of optical fiber (glass filament as thin as hair), plastic protective sleeve and plastic sheath. There is no metal such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum in the optical cable, and generally has no recycling value. An optical cable is a cable core composed of a certain number of optical fibers in a certain way, covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath. The protective structure of the outer layer can prevent the surrounding environment from harming the optical fiber. It is a communication line used to realize optical signal transmission. That is: the optical cable is a cable formed by an optical fiber (optical transmission carrier) through a certain process.3. The relationship between the two:Broadly speaking, optical fiber is an optical cable, which is a transmission medium. But strictly speaking, the two are not the same product. A fiber optic cable contains optical fibers and is part of a fiber optic cable. Optical fiber is the glass fiber in the optical cable, but the abbreviation of the two is often not strictly distinguished in engineering applications.Second, the difference between optical cable and optical fiber:1. The difference between composition structure and use:(1) In layman's terms, each individual core is called an optical fiber, and the combination of multi-core optical fibers into a cable is called an optical cable.(2) The optical cable is mainly composed of optical fiber (glass filament as thin as hair), plastic protective sleeve and plastic sheath. An optical cable is a communication line in which a certain number of optical fibers form a cable core in a certain way, and is covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath to realize optical signal transmission.That is: a cable formed by an optical fiber (optical transmission carrier) through a certain process.(3) The basic structure of an optical cable is generally composed of several parts such as a cable core, a reinforced steel wire, a filler and a sheath, and other components such as a waterproof layer, a buffer layer, and an insulated metal wire as required.2. The difference in propagation efficiency between optical cable and optical fiber:For optical fiber, scientists have created ultra-high-purity quartz glass by creating "internal attachment method", "MCVD method" and "VAD method".Optical cable, communication optical cable is a communication line in which a certain number of optical fibers form a cable core in a certain way, and is covered with a sheath, and some are also covered with an outer sheath to realize optical signal transmission.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. Distance judgmentWhen the computer room determines that the fault is an optical cable line fault, the line maintenance department should test the faulty optical cable line in the computer room as soon as possible, and use the OTDR test to determine the location of the line fault point.2. Possible cause estimationAccording to the curves displayed by the OTDR test, the cause of the fault is preliminarily judged, and the fault is handled in a targeted manner.According to the fault analysis, there are many problems in the splice box for optical cable faults caused by non-external forces, and the reasons for fiber breakage or increased attenuation in the splice box are divided into the following situations:(1) The optical fiber in the fiber tray is loose, causing the optical fiber to bounce up and be squeezed at the edge of the fiber tray or the screw on the tray. In severe cases, the optical fiber will be crushed or broken.(2) The local bending radius of the remaining fibers in the splice box is too small or the fibers are seriously twisted when they are stored in the reel, resulting in large bending loss and static fatigue. The test at 1310nm wavelength does not change significantly, but the test at 1550nm wavelength has significant splice loss increase.(3) When making the end face of the optical fiber, the bare optical fiber is too long or the optical fiber protection position is improper when the heat-shrinkable protective tube is heated, causing a part of the bare optical fiber to be outside the protective tube, and the bare optical fiber is broken when the splice box is subjected to external force.(4) The bare optical fiber is injured when the coating is stripped, and the damage will expand after a long time, and the loss of the joint will increase, and in severe cases, it will cause fiber breakage.(5) Due to the loose fixation of the optical cable, the displacement of the optical cable due to stress or external force will cause the remaining fiber of the optical cable to twist or bend and cause the attenuation of the optical fiber.(6) Water enters the splice box, and freezing in winter leads to increased fiber loss and even fiber breakage.3. Find the specific location of the fault point of the optical cable lineWhen the optical cable line is blocked by obvious external forces such as natural disasters or external construction, the inspection and repair personnel will carefully inspect along the optical cable line route according to the fault phenomenon and approximate fault location provided by the tester, and it is generally easier to find the fault location. If it is not the above situation, it is not easy for inspectors to find the fault location from the abnormal phenomenon on the route. At this time, it is necessary to check the distance from the fault point to the test end measured by OTDR with the original test data to find out which two markers (or which two joints) the fault point is between, and after necessary conversion, Find the specific location of the fault point. If conditions permit, a two-way test can be carried out, which is more conducive to accurately judging the specific location of the fault point.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. The processing after the fault occurs, different types of line faults, the focus of processing is different.(1) The same route has a total resistance fault that can be communicated by an optical cable. The personnel on duty in the computer room should use other good fiber cores to block the services on the fiber according to the emergency plan at the first time, and then repair the faulty fiber as soon as possible.(2) For a total resistance fault where there is no optical fiber to connect, follow the emergency plan to implement rush-pass or direct repair of the obstacle point.(3) The optical cable has non-total resistance, and there are remaining optical fibers available. Use spare fiber cores or other optical cables on the same route to pass through services on faulty fiber cores. If there are many faulty fiber cores, not enough free fiber cores, and no other optical cables with the same route, the secondary circuit can be sacrificed to pass through the important circuit, and then the faulty fiber core can be repaired without interrupting the circuit.(4) There is non-total resistance in the optical cable, and there is no remaining optical fiber or optical cable with the same route. If the blocked fiber is an important circuit, use other non-important circuit fibers to pass through the blocked fiber, and use the method of continuous cutover to repair the faulty fiber core urgently.(5) The transmission quality is unstable, and the system is up and down. If there is a spare fiber core or other fiber optic cable with the same route, the service on this fiber can be transferred to other fibers. Find out the reason for the decline in transmission quality and deal with it in a targeted manner.2. Fault locationIf it is determined that the optical cable line is faulty, it should quickly determine which relay section the fault occurs in and the specific situation of the fault, and ask the network management room in detail. According to the judgment result, immediately notify the relevant line maintenance unit to judge the fault point.3. Preparation for emergency repairAfter the line maintenance unit receives the failure notice, it should quickly load the emergency repair tools, instruments and equipment and set off, and at the same time notify the relevant maintenance lineman to find the cause and failure point in the nearby area. The preparation time for emergency repair of optical cable lines shall be implemented in accordance with regulations.4. Establish a communication systemAfter the repair personnel arrive at the fault point, they should immediately establish a communication system with the transmission room.5. Organization and command of emergency repairsThe emergency repair of optical cable line failure is led by the maintenance department. During the emergency repair period, it pays close attention to the on-site emergency repair situation and cooperates well. The emergency repair site is directed by the leader of the optical cable line maintenance unit.While testing the fault point, the emergency repair site should designate a special person (usually an optical cable operator) to organize the excavation personnel to stand by, and arrange the logistics service work.6. Emergency repair of optical cable linesWhen the point of failure is found, emergency optical cable or other emergency measures should be used, firstly, the main optical fiber channel should be cleared, and the communication can be quickly restored. Observe and analyze the situation at the scene, make records, take photos, and report to the public security organs.7. Business recoveryAfter the on-site optical cable repair is completed, the computer room should be notified in time for testing, and communication should be restored as soon as possible after verification is available.8. On-site treatment after emergency repair. After the emergency repair work is over, check the tools and equipment, sort out the test data, fill in the relevant registration, handle the scene, and stay with a certain number of personnel to protect the scene of the rescue.9. Line data update. After the repair work is over, sort out the test data, fill in the relevant forms, update the line information in time, summarize the repair situation, and report to the superior department in charge.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!