Fiber Hope cable assembly communication systems

Optical fiber is the abbreviation of optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic. It can transmit optical signals to thousands of kilometers away. Hundreds of thousands of optical fibers are combined together to make a cable-like optical cable. , so the optical cable is composed of a certain number of optical fibers, and the outer sheath is wrapped with a protective layer, which not only improves the strength of the optical fiber, but also greatly increases the communication capacity.Fiber optic cables are widely used, and the application scenarios are roughly as follows:A. Backbone transmission network (SDH/SONET), such as submarine optical cables between major cities and ocean bottoms, etc.;B. Ethernet (Ethernet), including the current fiber to the home (FTTH), to the building (FTTB), to the community, etc., mainly our home and office networks;C. Data network (Fiber Channel), various storage devices, databases, including the developing cloud computing service system;D. Cable TV transmission (PIN reception);E. Other special purpose transmissions, such as fighter jets, ships.The following are 43 common questions and knowledge points about fiber optic cables:1. The basic structure of optical fiberThe bare fiber is generally divided into three layers, the central high-refractive-index glass core (the core diameter is generally 50 or 62.5μm), the middle is the low-refractive-index silica glass cladding (the diameter is generally 125μm), and the outermost is the resin coating for reinforcement. Floor. Optical fiber is the abbreviation of optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic. It can be used as a light transmission tool. The transmission principle is "total reflection of light".2. What are the basic parameters of the transmission characteristics of optical fiber lines?Including loss, dispersion, bandwidth, cutoff wavelength, mode field diameter, etc.3. What are the main factors of fiber attenuation?The main factors that cause fiber attenuation are: intrinsic, bending, extrusion, magazines, non-uniformity, and butt joints.Intrinsic: It is the inherent loss of the fiber, including: Rayleigh scattering, intrinsic absorption, etc.Bending: When the fiber is bent, part of the light in the fiber will be lost due to scattering, resulting in loss.Squeeze: Loss caused by tiny bends in an optical fiber when it is squeezed.Impurities: Losses caused by impurities in the fiber absorbing and scattering light propagating in the fiber.Non-uniformity: Loss caused by non-uniform refractive index of the fiber material.Docking: The loss generated when the optical fiber is docked, such as: different axes (the coaxiality of single-mode fiber is required to be less than 0.8μm), the end face is not perpendicular to the axis, the end face is not flat, the butt core diameter does not match and the welding quality is poor.4. How is the attenuation coefficient defined?Defined by the attenuation (dB/km) per unit length of a uniform fiber in steady state5. What is insertion loss?Refers to the attenuation caused by the insertion of optical components such as connectors or couplers in optical transmission lines.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

The concept of single-mode and multi-mode is the concept of multi-mode fiber and single-mode fiber propagation mode. The term "mode" is used to describe how an optical signal propagates within the glass core of an optical fiber. In single-mode fiber, light travels along one path; in multimode fiber, light travels in multiple paths.①Core diameterSingle-mode fiber: Typical single-mode fibers are 8 and 10 µm core diameter and 125 µm cladding diameter;Multimode fiber: The usual multimode fiber is 50 and 62.5µm in core diameter and 125µm in cladding diameter;②Color:Single-mode fiber: Generally, the color of the fiber jumper is yellow, and the connector and protective sleeve are blue;Multimode fiber: the color of the fiber patch cord is generally water green, and the connector and protective sleeve are beige or black;③Light source:Single-mode fiber: using a laser as the light source, the light generated by the laser light source is a single light, which can be precisely controlled and has high power;Multimode fiber: using LED as the light source, the light generated is relatively scattered;④ Modal dispersion:Multimode fiber: LED light sources are used in multimode fiber to create a range of wavelengths that propagate at different speeds. This will cause multimodal dispersion, which limits the effective transmission distance of multimode fiber patch cords;Single-mode fiber: The laser used to drive the single-mode fiber produces a single wavelength of light, so its modal dispersion is smaller than that of multi-mode fiber;⑤ Bandwidth:Since multimode fiber has a larger core size than single mode fiber, it supports multiple transmission modes, and the modal dispersion of single mode fiber is smaller than that of multimode fiber. For these reasons, single-mode fiber has a higher bandwidth than multi-mode fiber.⑥Price:Single-mode fiber: The price is lower than that of multi-mode fiber, but the equipment of single-mode fiber is more expensive than that of multi-mode fiber, and the cost is higher than that of dual-mode fiber.Multi-mode fiber: The price is higher than that of single-mode fiber, and the equipment of multi-mode fiber is cheaper than that of single-mode fiber, so the cost of multi-mode fiber is much lower than that of single-mode fiber.⑦Transmission distance:Single-mode fiber: Single-mode fiber operates at a data rate of 100M/s or 1G/s, and the transmission distance can reach at least 5KM. Typically, single-mode fiber is used for long-distance signal transmission;Multimode fiber: Multimode fiber is primarily used for short-distance fiber-optic communications, such as in buildings or campuses. When the transmission speed is 100M/s, the transmission distance reaches 2km.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables, fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

1. What do 62.5/125, 50/125 and 9/125 refer to in optical fiber?Answer: 62.5/125 means the outer diameter of the core is 62.5µm, the outer diameter after adding the coating layer is 125µm, 50/125 means the outer diameter of the core is 50µm, and the outer diameter after adding the coating layer is 125µm, and 9/125 means that the outer diameter of the core is 9µm, and the outer diameter after coating is 125µm.2. What is unarmored, what is armored, and what is heavy armor?Answer: 1. Non-armoured means that there is only one metal layer, either aluminum tape or steel tape. 2. Light armor refers to two layers of metal layers, such as: an inner layer of aluminum tape and a layer of steel tape outside. 3. Heavy armor means that there are two layers of metal layers, and a layer of PE sheath is added between the two layers of metal layers.3. What are the specific differences between the use environment of layered stranded fiber and central bundled fiber, and how to choose fibers with different structures?Answer:  Both are outdoor optical cables. 1. The state defines that each loose tube can accommodate up to 12 cores, and the structure of the central bundle determines that there is only one loose tube in the center of the optical cable, so the central bundle can only achieve 12 cores ( At present, some manufacturers make 24-core, but 24-core does not meet the standard, we do not recommend). Its price is relatively cheap, so we recommend using the central beam tube type within 12 cores. 2. The layered structure is a middle reinforcing steel wire, surrounded by one or more loose tubes, so the layered structure can support specifications with more than 12 cores. At present, our company can support the production of optical cables with a maximum of 144 cores. 4. What factors will affect the use of optical cables in the actual construction process?Answer: 1. The attenuation of the optical cable will also increase when it is subjected to tension, pressure, bending, or hydrogen loss caused by contact with moisture. 2. During construction, the optical cable is hard-pulled, and even the optical cable is pulled out when the optical cable reel is seriously damaged. Therefore, the optical cable is often twisted, stretched and deformed, and the outer skin is scratched. Quality accidents such as fiber breakage will occur in serious cases. This greatly affects the use of fiber optic cables. 3. It is also wrong to have too small bending radius during construction, which is easy to cause excessive refraction loss and increased dispersion. If the time is long, fiber breakage may also occur. At the same time, if the bending radius is too small, it will cause the optical cable sleeve or the central strength member (steel wire) Discounting, twisting of the optical cable; cracking of the sheath or even the steel/aluminum tape, deformation of the optical cable core, etc., will damage the optical cable and cause physical changes. The OTDR test often appears steps in the non-connector position, while the outer sheath of the optical cable has no obvious traces. Dissection of the cable revealed that the sleeve was significantly squashed.5. How to troubleshoot fiber link faults?Answer: 1. Re-clean all the tested links and the connector end face of the reference jumper. Reconnect, making sure all connectors are fully inserted into the fiber optic adapter. 2. Check whether the bending radius of the optical cable and jumper meets the standard requirements, especially whether the bending radius of the cable in the optical fiber box is too small. 3. Re-test, if it still can't pass, re-splicing pigtails for splicing mode, replace connector in termination mode, and then perform a new test. 4. If it has not passed, the fiber optic cable itself may be damaged. What is the difference between fiber optic adapters and fiber optic patch panels ST, SC, LC, FC fiber optic connectors?Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables,fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!

Q1: What is optical fiber? Is there a difference between optical fiber and fiber optic cable?Answer: Optical fiber is a fine and flexible medium that transmits light beams. It is the abbreviation of optical fiber. The most commonly used product of optical fiber used in integrated wiring is the glass core for light transmission. The core is usually a double-layer concentric cylinder made of quartz glass with a small cross-sectional area, which is brittle and easy to break, so an external protective layer is required. Optical fiber is used in idioms far beyond its own meaning. It can represent either the fiber core, the fiber optic cable, the fiber optic cabling system or even the fiber optic communication system. However, in order to accurately define the products of each part of the optical fiber cabling system, the general optical fiber refers to the core part, and the optical fiber cable is the finished cable composed of the optical fiber as the transmission unit.Q2: What are the classifications of optical cables?Answer: According to the type of fiber core, it can be divided into: single-mode optical cable and multi-mode optical cable according to the laying method: self-supporting overhead optical cable, pipeline optical cable, armored buried optical cable and submarine optical cable. According to the optical cable structure, it is divided into: bundled optical cable, layered optical cable, skeleton optical cable, tightly hugging optical cable, ribbon optical cable, non-metallic optical cable and branchable optical cable. According to the application: long-distance communication optical cable, short-distance outdoor optical cable, hybrid optical cable and optical cable for building Fiber optic cables and fiber optic cables for use in buildingsQ3: What is the difference between multimode fiber and single mode fiber?Answer: Multimode fiber: a fiber that can propagate electromagnetic waves in multiple modes, while a single-mode fiber can only transmit a single fundamental mode fiber. Compared with single-mode fiber, multimode fiber has a larger core, but the dispersion is much larger, and the transmission capacity Smaller and shorter transmission distance.Q4: What is the transmission distance of the optical cable in the national standard?Answer: It is stipulated in the GB50311 national standard that the transmission distance of multi-mode optical cable is 2km, and the transmission distance of single-mode optical cable is 3km. Note here that 2km and 3km are the limits specified in the GB50311 standard range, not the medium limit. Generally speaking, the use of multi-mode optical cable in communication is within 500 meters, while the non-relay communication distance of single-mode optical cable is generally 60 km.Fiber hope fiber optic cable and patch cord manufacturers can provide high-quality fiber optic cables, fiber pigtails, fiber patch cords, single-mode multi-mode fiber, welcome to inquiry!