The interruption of optical cable lines due to external factors or the optical fiber itself, which affects communication services, is called optical cable line failure. Optical cable line failures cause business interruption for a long time and affect a wide range of business areas. They are a key link in safe broadcasting work. In order for the optical cable communication system to work normally, in addition to careful design, careful construction, and normal maintenance, once an optical cable failure occurs, it must be dealt with in a timely manner to ensure that the line is smooth and the failure time is shortened as much as possible. This is an important part of improving communication quality.

1. Classification of cable line faults

According to the fiber blocking situation of the faulty optical cable, the fault types can be divided into three types: complete fiber optic cable breakage, partial bundle tube breakage, and partial fiber breakage in a single bundle tube.

2. Analysis of the cause of the failure of the optical cable line

The causes of optical cable line failures can be roughly divided into four categories: external factors, natural disasters, optical cable defects and human factors.

1. Line failure caused by external force factors

(1) External force excavation: Mechanical excavation is one of the main causes of optical cable damage. To deal with faults caused by mechanical excavation, the pipe optical cable should be opened in the tube well near the fault point to check whether the optical cable is damaged in the manual well, and the optical cable should be interrupted by a two-way test to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. For this type of fault, there are obvious excavation marks on the road, and the fault point is eliminated in a targeted manner.

(2) Vehicle hang-up: When dealing with vehicle hang-up faults, you should first conduct a bidirectional test on the optical cable at the fault point to confirm the number of optical cable interruptions, and then deal with it in a targeted manner. The cable is visibly dragged or dropped.

(3) Gunshot: This type of fault generally does not interrupt all optical fibers, but damages some optical cable parts or optical fibers. However, this type of fault is highly concealed, and it is difficult to find it. It is eliminated segment by segment based on the distance of the fault point.

2. Line failures caused by natural disasters

Optical cable failures are caused by natural disasters such as fire, flood, strong wind, ice, lightning, etc.

3. Line failure caused by the optical fiber itself

The affected area is small. According to the interruption of the access point of the service end, it occurs at the location of the joint box, and the fault point can be quickly judged.

(1) Natural fiber cut

Since optical fibers are drawn from glass and plastic fibers and are relatively fragile, static fatigue will occur over time, and the optical fibers will gradually age and cause natural fiber breakage. Or the splice box is flooded, resulting in increased fiber loss or even fiber breakage.

(2) Influence of ambient temperature

If the temperature is too low, the water in the splice box will freeze, the sheath of the optical cable will shrink longitudinally, and the pressure on the optical fiber will cause micro-bending, which will increase the attenuation or interrupt the optical fiber. If the temperature is too high, it is easy to damage the cable sheath and other protective materials and affect the characteristics of the optical fiber. The affected area is small, and the fault point can be quickly judged according to the access point of the interrupted service end.

4. Line failures caused by human factors

(1) Engineering failure: man-made failure caused by engineering personnel in maintenance, laying and other activities. For example:

① When the optical fiber is connected, the optical fiber is scratched, the bending radius of the optical fiber is too small, and the running optical fiber is interrupted by misoperation;

② Mistakenly cut off the running optical cable when cutting the optical cable;

③ The fiber is broken due to poor connection when the optical fiber is connected, or the looseness of the reinforcing core when the splice box is packaged.

④During the laying of optical cables, dragging other optical cables in operation in the pipe well, resulting in optical fiber failures caused by too small bending radius of the optical cable and damage to the outer sheath.

(2) Stealing: criminals steal and cut the optical cable, causing the optical cable to be blocked. Generally, there are buildings, trees, poles and towers on the route, which are convenient for people to climb and can directly operate the route.

(3) Misoperation: In some public tube wells, other operators interrupted the operation of optical cables during engineering construction.

(4) Destruction: Man-made sabotage, causing the cable to be blocked.

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